Ar data simulation with gaitprint imitation

ABSTRACT

A method for transferring a gait pattern of a first user to a second user to simulate augmented reality content in a virtual simulation environment is described. In one aspect, the method includes identifying a gait pattern of a first user operating a first visual tracking system in a first physical environment, identifying a trajectory from a second visual tracking system operated by a second user in a second physical environment, the trajectory based on poses of the second visual tracking system over time, modifying the trajectory from the second visual tracking system based on the gait pattern of the first user, applying the modified trajectory in a plurality of virtual environments, and generating simulated ground truth data based on the modified trajectory in the plurality of virtual environments.

RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 63/190,113, filed May 18, 2021, which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to a visualtracking system. Specifically, the present disclosure addresses systemsand methods for generating a motion database of visual tracking systemsbased on gaitprint.

BACKGROUND

An augmented reality (AR) device enables a user to observe a scene whilesimultaneously seeing relevant virtual content that may be aligned toitems, images, objects, or environments in the field of view of thedevice. A virtual reality (VR) device provides a more immersiveexperience than an AR device. The VR device blocks out the field of viewof the user with virtual content that is displayed based on a positionand orientation of the VR device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, themost significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to thefigure number in which that element is first introduced.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an environment for operating avisual tracking system in accordance with one example embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a display device in accordancewith one example embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a visual tracking system inaccordance with one example embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a gait abstraction module inaccordance with one example embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a content simulation applicationin accordance with one example embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a process in accordance with oneexample embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for generating groundtruth data in accordance with one example embodiment.

FIG. 8 is block diagram showing a software architecture within which thepresent disclosure may be implemented, according to an exampleembodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of acomputer system within which a set of instructions may be executed forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, according to one example embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows describes systems, methods, techniques,instruction sequences, and computing machine program products thatillustrate example embodiments of the present subject matter. In thefollowing description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specificdetails are set forth in order to provide an understanding of variousembodiments of the present subject matter. It will be evident, however,to those skilled in the art, that embodiments of the present subjectmatter may be practiced without some or other of these specific details.Examples merely typify possible variations. Unless explicitly statedotherwise, structures (e.g., structural Components, such as modules) areoptional and may be combined or subdivided, and operations (e.g., in aprocedure, algorithm, or other function) may vary in sequence or becombined or subdivided.

The term “augmented reality” (AR) is used herein to refer to aninteractive experience of a real-world environment where physicalobjects that reside in the real-world are “augmented” or enhanced bycomputer-generated digital content (also referred to as virtual contentor synthetic content). AR can also refer to a system that enables acombination of real and virtual worlds, real-time interaction, and 3Dregistration of virtual and real objects. A user of an AR systemperceives virtual content that appear to be attached or interact with areal-world physical object.

The term “virtual reality” (VR) is used herein to refer to a simulationexperience of a virtual world environment that is completely distinctfrom the real-world environment. Computer-generated digital content isdisplayed in the virtual world environment. VR also refers to a systemthat enables a user of a VR system to be completely immersed in thevirtual world environment and to interact with virtual objects presentedin the virtual world environment.

The term “AR application” is used herein to refer to a computer-operatedapplication that enables an AR experience. The term “VR application” isused herein to refer to a computer-operated application that enables aVR experience. The term “AR/VR application” refers to acomputer-operated application that enables a combination of an ARexperience or a VR experience.

The “visual tracking system” is used herein to refer to acomputer-operated application or system that enables a system to trackvisual features identified in images captured by one or more cameras ofthe visual tracking system, and build a model of a real-worldenvironment based on the tracked visual features. Non-limiting examplesof the visual tracking system include: a visual SimultaneousLocalization and Mapping system (VSLAM), and Visual Odometry Inertial(VIO) system. VSLAM can be used to build a target from an environment ora scene based on one or more cameras of the visual tracking system. VIO(also referred to as a visual-inertial tracking system, and visualodometry system) determines a latest position or pose of a device basedon data acquired from multiple sensors (e.g., depth cameras, inertialsensors) of the device.

The term “gait” (also referred to as “gait print”) is herein to refer toa movement pattern of a user. For example, the gait identifies abiometric modality that identifies a user based on the way the userwalk, runs, or jumps among some examples of movements.

AR/VR applications enable a user to access information, such as in theform of virtual content rendered in a display of an AR/VR display device(also referred to as a display device). The rendering of the virtualcontent may be based on a position of the display device relative to aphysical object or relative to a frame of reference (external to thedisplay device) so that the virtual content correctly appears in thedisplay. For AR, the virtual content appears aligned with a physicalobject as perceived by the user and a camera of the AR display device.The virtual content appears to be attached to a physical object ofinterest. In order to do this, the AR display device detects thephysical object and tracks a pose of the AR display device relative to aposition of the physical object. A pose identifies a position andorientation of the display device relative to a frame of reference orrelative to another object. For VR, the virtual object appears at alocation (in the virtual environment) based on the pose of the VRdisplay device. The virtual content is therefore refreshed based on alatest position of the device.

The present application describes a method for transferring one humangait to another to simulate AR content in the virtual simulation world.This “impersonation” or transfer of one human gait to another user'strajectory generates large numbers of training/testing data that arebased on one person's unique gait print. This training data can helppersonalize and further customize tuning of computer vision algorithmsof visual tracking systems. As such, gait pattern for simulation ofvirtual environments enlarges the diversity of simulation trajectories(e.g., pose over time).

In one example embodiment, the present application describes a methodfor transferring a gait pattern of a first user to a second user tosimulate augmented reality content in a virtual simulation environment.In one aspect, the method includes identifying a gait pattern of a firstuser operating a first visual tracking system in a first physicalenvironment, identifying a trajectory from a second visual trackingsystem operated by a second user in a second physical environment, thetrajectory based on poses of the second visual tracking system overtime, modifying the trajectory from the second visual tracking systembased on the gait pattern of the first user, applying the modifiedtrajectory in a plurality of virtual environments, and generatingsimulated ground truth data based on the modified trajectory in theplurality of virtual environments.

As a result, one or more of the methodologies described hereinfacilitate solving the technical problem of calibrating camera intrinsicparameters based on operating conditions that are different from factoryconditions. The presently described method provides an improvement to anoperation of the functioning of a computer by providing further accuratecalibration computation to enhance a VSLAM pose estimation. Furthermore,one or more of the methodologies described herein may obviate a need forcertain efforts or computing resources. Examples of such computingresources include Processor cycles, network traffic, memory usage, datastorage capacity, power consumption, network bandwidth, and coolingcapacity.

FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an environment 100 suitable foroperating an AR device 118, an AR device 122, and a server 110,according to some example embodiments. The environment 100 includes auser B 120, an AR device 118, and a physical object 102. The user A 116operates the AR device 118 in real world environment A 104. The user A116 may be a human user (e.g., a human being), a machine user (e.g., acomputer configured by a software program to interact with the user A116), or any suitable combination thereof (e.g., a human assisted by amachine or a machine supervised by a human). The user A 116 isassociated with the AR device 118. The user B 120 operates the user B120 in real world environment B 114. The user B 120 is associated withthe AR device 122.

The AR device 118 includes a computing device having a display such as asmartphone, a tablet computer, or a wearable computing device (e.g.,watch or glasses). The computing device may be hand-held or may beremovable mounted to a head of the user B 120. In one example, thedisplay includes a screen that displays images captured with the camerasof the AR device 118. In another example, the display of the device maybe transparent such as in lenses of wearable computing glasses. In otherexamples, the display may be non-transparent, partially transparent, orpartially opaque. In yet other examples, the display may be wearable bythe user A 116 to completely or partially cover the field of vision ofthe user A 116.

The AR device 118 includes an AR application (not shown) that causes adisplay of virtual content based on images detected with the cameras ofthe AR device 118. For example, the user B 120 may point multiplecameras of the AR device 118 to capture an image of the physical object102. The physical object 102 is within a field of view 106 of a firstcamera (not shown) of the AR device 118 and within a field of view 108of a second camera (not shown) of the AR device 118. The AR applicationgenerates virtual content corresponding to an identified object (e.g.,physical object 102) in the image and presents the virtual content in adisplay (not shown) of the AR device 118.

The AR device 118 includes a visual tracking system (not shown) thattracks the pose (e.g., 6DOF pose, position and orientation) of the ARdevice 118 relative to the real world environment A 104 using, forexample, optical sensors (e.g., depth-enabled 3D camera, image camera),inertia sensors (e.g., gyroscope, accelerometer), magnetometer, wirelesssensors (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi), GPS sensor, and audio sensor. In oneexample, the AR device 118 includes a visual Simultaneous Localizationand Mapping system (VSLAM) that operates with multiple cameras of the ARdevice 118. The AR device 118 displays virtual content based on the 3DFOpose of the AR device 118 relative to the real world environment A 104and/or the physical object 102 (as determined by the visual trackingsystem).

In one example, the AR device 118 determines a gait print based on amotion of the user A 116. The AR device 118 sends the user A 116 gaitprint and the trajectory data (e.g., 6DOF over time) of the AR device118 in the real world environment A 104 to a content simulationapplication 112 of the server 110 for further simulation and training ofcomputer vision algorithms. The AR device 122 determines a gait printbased on a motion of the user B 120. The AR device 122 sends the user B120 gait print and the trajectory data (e.g., 6DOF over time) of the ARdevice 122 in the real world environment B 114 to the content simulationapplication 112 for further simulation and training of computer visionalgorithms. The content simulation application 112 is described furtherbelow with respect to FIG. 5.

In another example, the content simulation application 112 receivessensor data from the AR device 118 and the AR device 122. The contentsimulation application 112 determines the gait print of the user A 116and the user B 120 based on the second data.

In one example, the AR device 118 and the AR device 122 communicate withserver 110 via a computer network (not shown). The computer network maybe any network that enables communication between or among machines,databases, and devices. Accordingly, the computer network may be a wirednetwork, a wireless network (e.g., a mobile or cellular network), or anysuitable combination thereof. The computer network may include one ormore portions that constitute a private network, a public network (e.g.,the Internet), or any suitable combination thereof.

Any of the machines, databases, or devices shown in FIG. 1 may beimplemented in a general-purpose computer modified (e.g., configured orprogrammed) by software to be a special-purpose computer to perform oneor more of the functions described herein for that machine, database, ordevice. For example, a computer system able to implement any one or moreof the methodologies described herein is discussed below with respect toFIG. 7. As used herein, a “database” is a data storage resource and maystore data structured as a text file, a table, a spreadsheet, arelational database (e.g., an object-relational database), a triplestore, a hierarchical data store, or any suitable combination thereof.Moreover, any two or more of the machines, databases, or devicesillustrated in FIG. 1 may be combined into a single machine, and thefunctions described herein for any single machine, database, or devicemay be subdivided among multiple machines, databases, or devices.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating modules (e.g., components) of theAR device 118, according to some example embodiments. The AR device 118includes sensors 202, a display 204, a processor 208, and a storagedevice 206. Examples of AR device 118 include a wearable computingdevice, a mobile computing device (such as a smart phone or smarttable), a navigational device, a portable media device.

The sensors 202 include, for example, optical sensor 214 (e.g., camerasuch as a color camera, a thermal camera, a depth sensor and one ormultiple grayscale, global shutter tracking cameras), an inertial sensor216 (e.g., gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer). In one example, theoptical sensor 214 include one or more cameras.

Other examples of sensors 202 include a proximity or location sensor(e.g., near field communication, GPS, Bluetooth, Wifi), an audio sensor(e.g., a microphone), a temperature sensor, or any suitable combinationthereof. It is noted that the sensors 202 described herein are forillustration purposes and the sensors 202 are thus not limited to theones described above.

The display 204 includes a screen or monitor configured to displayimages generated by the processor 208. In one example embodiment, thedisplay 204 may be transparent or semi-opaque so that the user B 120 cansee through the display 204 (in AR use case). In another example, thedisplay 204 includes a touchscreen display configured to receive a userinput via a contact on the touchscreen display.

The processor 208 includes an AR application 212, a visual trackingsystem 210, and a gaitprint abstraction module 222. The AR application212 detects the physical object 102 using computer vision based on thedetected features of the environment processed by the visual trackingsystem 210. The AR application 212 retrieves virtual content (e.g., 3Dobject model) based on the identified physical object 102 or physicalenvironment. The AR application 212 renders the virtual object in thedisplay 204. In one example embodiment, the AR application 212 includesa local rendering engine that generates a visualization of virtualcontent overlaid (e.g., superimposed upon, or otherwise displayed intandem with) on an image of the physical object 102 captured by theoptical sensor 214. A visualization of the virtual content may bemanipulated by adjusting a position of the physical object 102 (e.g.,its physical location, orientation, or both) relative to the opticalsensor 214. Similarly, the visualization of the virtual content may bemanipulated by adjusting a pose of the AR device 118 relative to thephysical object 102. For a VR application, the AR application 212displays the virtual content in an immersive virtual world displayed inthe display 204 at a location (in the display 204) determined based on apose of the AR device 118.

The visual tracking system 210 estimates a 6DOF pose of the AR device118 and generate trajectory data (e.g., 6DOF poses over time). Forexample, the visual tracking system 210 uses image data andcorresponding inertial data from the optical sensor 214 and the inertialsensor 216 to track a location and pose of the AR device 118 relative toa frame of reference (e.g., detected features in the real worldenvironment A 104). Example components of the visual tracking system 210are described in more detail below with respect to FIG. 3.

The gaitprint abstraction module 222 uses the 6DOF poses over time andthe IMU data from the inertial sensor 216 to identify a gait print thatis unique to the user A 116.

The storage device 206 stores virtual content 218, landmark map 220, andgaitprint dataset 224. The virtual content 218 includes, for example, adatabase of visual references (e.g., images of physical objects) andcorresponding experiences (e.g., two-dimensional or three-dimensionalvirtual object models). The landmark map 220 stores trajectories dataand a map of an environment based on features detected by the visualtracking system 210. The gaitprint dataset 224 stores the biometric gaitprint pattern of the user A 116 (as determined by the gaitprintabstraction module 222).

Any one or more of the modules described herein may be implemented usinghardware (e.g., a processor of a machine) or a combination of hardwareand software. For example, any module described herein may configure aprocessor to perform the operations described herein for that module.Moreover, any two or more of these modules may be combined into a singlemodule, and the functions described herein for a single module may besubdivided among multiple modules. Furthermore, according to variousexample embodiments, modules described herein as being implementedwithin a single machine, database, or device may be distributed acrossmultiple machines, databases, or devices.

FIG. 3 illustrates the visual tracking system 210 in accordance with oneexample embodiment. The visual tracking system 210 includes, forexample, an inertial module 302, an optical module 304, a SLAMapplication 306. The inertial module 302 accesses inertial sensor datafrom the inertial sensor 216. The optical module 304 accesses opticalsensor data from the optical sensor 214.

The SLAM application 306 determines a 3DOF pose (e.g., location,position, orientation) of the AR device 118 relative to a frame ofreference (e.g., real world environment A 104). In one exampleembodiment, the SLAM application 306 includes a visual odometry systemthat estimates the pose of the AR device 118 based on 3D maps of featurepoints from images captured with the optical sensor 214 and the inertialsensor data captured with the inertial sensor 216. The SLAM application306 is capable of operating as a stereo VSLAM and monocular VSLAM. Inother words, the SLAM application 306 can toggle its operation betweenthe monocular and stereo V-SLAM without the interruption of localizationand mapping. The SLAM application 306 provides the pose information tothe gaitprint abstraction module 222 so that the gaitprint abstractionmodule 222 can identify a gait print of the user A 116 based on the posedata and IMU data from the inertial sensor 216.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a gaitprint abstraction module222 in accordance with one example embodiment. The unsupervised trainingprogram 402 abstracts the movement of the AR device 118 (worn by theuser A 116) to identify a gait pattern of the user A 116. Theunsupervised training program 402 includes, for example, an unsupervisedtraining program 402 and a trained machine-learning model 404.

The unsupervised training program 402 accesses inertial sensor data fromthe inertial sensor 216 and pose data from the visual tracking system210. The unsupervised training program 402 operates an unsupervisedtraining algorithm that learn patterns from untagged dataset (IMU dataand pose data). The trained machine-learning model 404 trains a gaitmodel based on the identified patterns from the unsupervised trainingprogram 402. The gait model identifies the user A 116 gait print. Thetrained machine-learning model 404 provides the user A 116 gait print tothe content simulation application 112. In another example, the contentsimulation application 112 also receives the trajectories data from thevisual tracking system 210.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the content simulationapplication 112 in accordance with one example embodiment. The contentsimulation application 112 includes a trajectory adaptation module 502,a virtual world environment database 508, a ground truth data 504, and acv training module 506.

The trajectory adaptation module 502 adapts the gait print of a user toanother user's trajectory in another physical environment. Thetrajectory adaptation module 502 receives the gait print of the user A116 and trajectories data of the AR device 118. The trajectoryadaptation module 502 also receives the gait print of the user B 120 andtrajectories data of the AR device 122. In one example, the trajectoryadaptation module 502 includes a gait modified trajectory module 510 anda virtual environment gait modified trajectory application 512.

The ground truth data 504 stores simulated ground truth data for SLAMand computer vision algorithm.

The cv training module 506 retrains a computer vision algorithm at theAR device 118/AR device 122.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example process in accordancewith one example embodiment. The sensors 202 provides sensor data to thevisual tracking system 210 and the gaitprint abstraction module 222.

The visual tracking system 210 determines a 6DOF pose of the AR device118 based on the sensor data. The visual tracking system 210 providesthe pose data to the gaitprint abstraction module 222 and the ARapplication 212. The visual tracking system 210 provides trajectoriesdata (e.g., 6DOF poses over time) to the content simulation application112. In one example, the computer vision algorithm in the visualtracking system 210 is retuned or retrained based on the tuned computervision algorithm received from the content simulation application 112.

The gaitprint abstraction module 222 identifies a gait print of the userA 116 based on the IMU data from sensors 202 and the pose data fromvisual tracking system 210. The gaitprint abstraction module 222provides the gait print to the content simulation application 112 and tothe storage device 206.

The AR application 212 retrieves virtual content from the virtualcontent 218. The AR application 212 instructs the display 204 to displaythe virtual content 218 at a location based on the geometric model(e.g., pose data) of the AR device 118.

The storage device 206 stores the gaitprint dataset 224 and the virtualcontent 218.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 700 for generating groundtruth data in accordance with one example embodiment. Operations in themethod 700 may be performed by the server 110, using components (e.g.,modules, engines) described above with respect to FIG. 5. Accordingly,the method 700 is described by way of example with reference to theserver 110. However, it shall be appreciated that at least some of theoperations of the method 700 may be deployed on various other hardwareconfigurations or be performed by similar components residing elsewhere.For example, part of the method 700 may be operated at the AR device 118or AR device 122.

In block 702, the server 110 records sensor data of AR device a of userA 116. In block 704, the server 110 computes trajectories of AR device aon user A 116. In block 706, the server 110 determines gait print ofuser a based on poses and imu data. In block 708, the server 110 recordsensors data of AR device b of user b. In block 710, the server 110computes trajectories of AR device b on user b. In block 712, the server110 modifies trajectories of AR device b to adapt to gaitprint of usera. In block 714, the server 110 applies modified trajectories in virtualenvironments. In block 716, the server 110 captures simulated groundtruth data. In block 718, the server 110 retrains CV algorithms with thesimulated ground truth data for user a motion pattern. In block 720, theserver 110 retrains CV algorithms with the simulated ground truth datafor other real-world environment. In block 722, the server 110 providesretrained cv algorithms to AR device a.

It is to be noted that other embodiments may use different sequencing,additional or fewer operations, and different nomenclature orterminology to accomplish similar functions. In some embodiments,various operations may be performed in parallel with other operations,either in a synchronous or asynchronous manner. The operations describedherein were chosen to illustrate some principles of operations in asimplified form.

FIG. 8 is block diagram 800 showing a software architecture within whichthe present disclosure may be implemented, according to an exampleembodiment. The software architecture 804 is supported by hardware suchas a machine 802 that includes Processors 820, memory 826, and I/OComponents 838. In this example, the software architecture 804 can beconceptualized as a stack of layers, where each layer provides aparticular functionality. The software architecture 804 includes layerssuch as an operating system 812, libraries 810, frameworks 808, andapplications 806. Operationally, the applications 806 invoke API calls850 through the software stack and receive messages 852 in response tothe API calls 850.

The operating system 812 manages hardware resources and provides commonservices. The operating system 812 includes, for example, a kernel 814,services 816, and drivers 822. The kernel 814 acts as an abstractionlayer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example,the kernel 814 provides memory management, Processor management (e.g.,scheduling), Component management, networking, and security settings,among other functionalities. The services 816 can provide other commonservices for the other software layers. The drivers 822 are responsiblefor controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. Forinstance, the drivers 822 can include display drivers, camera drivers,BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers,serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers),WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.

The libraries 810 provide a low-level common infrastructure used by theapplications 806. The libraries 810 can include system libraries 818(e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memoryallocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematicfunctions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 810 can include APIlibraries 824 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to supportpresentation and manipulation of various media formats such as MovingPicture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC),Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC),Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries(e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) andthree dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), databaselibraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational databasefunctions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsingfunctionality), and the like. The libraries 810 can also include a widevariety of other libraries 828 to provide many other APIs to theapplications 806.

The frameworks 808 provide a high-level common infrastructure that isused by the applications 806. For example, the frameworks 808 providevarious graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resourcemanagement, and high-level location services. The frameworks 808 canprovide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by theapplications 806, some of which may be specific to a particularoperating system or platform.

In an example embodiment, the applications 806 may include a homeapplication 836, a contacts application 830, a browser application 832,a book reader application 834, a location application 842, a mediaapplication 844, a messaging application 846, a game application 848,and a broad assortment of other applications such as a third-partyapplication 840. The applications 806 are programs that executefunctions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can beemployed to create one or more of the applications 806, structured in avariety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g.,Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., Cor assembly language). In a specific example, the third-partyapplication 840 (e.g., an application developed using the ANDROID™ orIOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendorof the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobileoperating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or anothermobile operating system. In this example, the third-party application840 can invoke the API calls 850 provided by the operating system 812 tofacilitate functionality described herein.

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of the machine 900 within whichinstructions 908 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet,an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine 900 to performany one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed.For example, the instructions 908 may cause the machine 900 to executeany one or more of the methods described herein. The instructions 908transform the general, non-programmed machine 900 into a particularmachine 900 programmed to carry out the described and illustratedfunctions in the manner described. The machine 900 may operate as astandalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines.In a networked deployment, the machine 900 may operate in the capacityof a server machine or a client machine in a server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment. The machine 900 may comprise, but not be limitedto, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), atablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), aPDA, an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smart phone,a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), a smart homedevice (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance,a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machinecapable of executing the instructions 908, sequentially or otherwise,that specify actions to be taken by the machine 900. Further, while onlya single machine 900 is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also betaken to include a collection of machines that individually or jointlyexecute the instructions 908 to perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein.

The machine 900 may include Processors 902, memory 904, and I/OComponents 942, which may be configured to communicate with each othervia a bus 944. In an example embodiment, the Processors 902 (e.g., aCentral Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing(RISC) Processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) Processor,a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), anASIC, a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another Processor, orany suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a Processor906 and a Processor 910 that execute the instructions 908. The term“Processor” is intended to include multi-core Processors that maycomprise two or more independent Processors (sometimes referred to as“cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although FIG.9 shows multiple Processors 902, the machine 900 may include a singleProcessor with a single core, a single Processor with multiple cores(e.g., a multi-core Processor), multiple Processors with a single core,multiple Processors with multiples cores, or any combination thereof.

The memory 904 includes a main memory 912, a static memory 914, and astorage unit 916, both accessible to the Processors 902 via the bus 944.The main memory 904, the static memory 914, and storage unit 916 storethe instructions 908 embodying any one or more of the methodologies orfunctions described herein. The instructions 908 may also reside,completely or partially, within the main memory 912, within the staticmemory 914, within machine-readable medium 918 within the storage unit916, within at least one of the Processors 902 (e.g., within theProcessor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, duringexecution thereof by the machine 900.

The I/O Components 942 may include a wide variety of Components toreceive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information,exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/OComponents 942 that are included in a particular machine will depend onthe type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobilephones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms,while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touchinput device. It will be appreciated that the I/O Components 942 mayinclude many other Components that are not shown in FIG. 9. In variousexample embodiments, the I/O Components 942 may include outputComponents 928 and input Components 930. The output Components 928 mayinclude visual Components (e.g., a display such as a plasma displaypanel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acousticComponents (e.g., speakers), haptic Components (e.g., a vibratory motor,resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The inputComponents 930 may include alphanumeric input Components (e.g., akeyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, aphoto-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input Components),point-based input Components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, ajoystick, a motion sensor, or another pointing instrument), tactileinput Components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provideslocation and/or force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactileinput Components), audio input Components (e.g., a microphone), and thelike.

In further example embodiments, the I/O Components 942 may includebiometric Components 932, motion Components 934, environmentalComponents 936, or position Components 938, among a wide array of otherComponents. For example, the biometric Components 932 include Componentsto detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocalexpressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g.,blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brainwaves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinalidentification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, orelectroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motionComponents 934 include acceleration sensor Components (e.g.,accelerometer), gravitation sensor Components, rotation sensorComponents (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth. The environmental Components936 include, for example, illumination sensor Components (e.g.,photometer), temperature sensor Components (e.g., one or morethermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensorComponents, pressure sensor Components (e.g., barometer), acousticsensor Components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect backgroundnoise), proximity sensor Components (e.g., infrared sensors that detectnearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detectionconcentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants inthe atmosphere), or other Components that may provide indications,measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physicalenvironment. The position Components 938 include location sensorComponents (e.g., a GPS receiver Component), altitude sensor Components(e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from whichaltitude may be derived), orientation sensor Components (e.g.,magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The I/O Components 942 further include communication Components 940operable to couple the machine 900 to a network 920 or devices 922 via acoupling 924 and a coupling 926, respectively. For example, thecommunication Components 940 may include a network interface Componentor another suitable device to interface with the network 920. In furtherexamples, the communication Components 940 may include wiredcommunication Components, wireless communication Components, cellularcommunication Components, Near Field Communication (NFC) Components,Bluetooth® Components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), WiFi® Components,and other communication Components to provide communication via othermodalities. The devices 922 may be another machine or any of a widevariety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via aUSB).

Moreover, the communication Components 940 may detect identifiers orinclude Components operable to detect identifiers. For example, thecommunication Components 940 may include Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tag reader Components, NFC smart tag detection Components,optical reader Components (e.g., an optical sensor to detectone-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code,multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Azteccode, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2Dbar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection Components(e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, avariety of information may be derived via the communication Components940, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, locationvia Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beaconsignal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

The various memories (e.g., memory 904, main memory 912, static memory914, and/or memory of the Processors 902) and/or storage unit 916 maystore one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g.,software) embodying or used by any one or more of the methodologies orfunctions described herein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions908), when executed by Processors 902, cause various operations toimplement the disclosed embodiments.

The instructions 908 may be transmitted or received over the network920, using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g.,a network interface Component included in the communication Components940) and using any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols(e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions908 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via thecoupling 926 (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 922.

As used herein, the terms “Machine-Storage Medium,” “device-storagemedium,” and “computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may beused interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms refer to a single ormultiple storage devices and/or media (e.g., a centralized ordistributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that storeexecutable instructions and/or data. The terms shall accordingly betaken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, andoptical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external toprocessors. Specific examples of Machine-Storage Media, computer-storagemedia, and/or device-storage media include non-volatile memory,including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM), field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs), and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal harddisks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROMdisks. The terms “Machine-Storage Media,” “computer-storage media,” and“device-storage media” specifically exclude carrier waves, modulateddata signals, and other such media, at least some of which are coveredunder the term “signal medium” discussed below.

The terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thingand may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms“transmission medium” and “signal medium” shall be taken to include anyintangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying theinstructions 1416 for execution by the machine 1400, and include digitalor analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitatecommunication of such software. Hence, the terms “transmission medium”and “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of modulated datasignal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated data signal”means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set orchanged in such a manner as to encode information in the signal.

The terms “machine-readable medium,” “Computer-Readable Medium,” and“device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be usedinterchangeably in this disclosure. The terms are defined to includeboth Machine-Storage Media and transmission media. Thus, the termsinclude both storage devices/media and carrier waves/modulated datasignals.

Although an embodiment has been described with reference to specificexample embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications andchanges may be made to these embodiments without departing from thebroader scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specificationand drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than arestrictive sense. The accompanying drawings that form a part hereof,show by way of illustration, and not of limitation, specific embodimentsin which the subject matter may be practiced. The embodimentsillustrated are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilledin the art to practice the teachings disclosed herein. Other embodimentsmay be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logicalsubstitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scopeof this disclosure. This Detailed Description, therefore, is not to betaken in a limiting sense, and the scope of various embodiments isdefined only by the appended claims, along with the full range ofequivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred toherein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merelyfor convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope ofthis application to any single invention or inventive concept if morethan one is in fact disclosed. Thus, although specific embodiments havebeen illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that anyarrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substitutedfor the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to coverany and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in theart upon reviewing the above description.

The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to allow the reader toquickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It issubmitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpretor limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in theforegoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features aregrouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamliningthe disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted asreflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require morefeatures than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as thefollowing claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than allfeatures of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claimsare hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claimstanding on its own as a separate embodiment.

EXAMPLES

Described implementations of the subject matter can include one or morefeatures, alone or in combination as illustrated below by way ofexample.

Example 1 is a method comprising: identifying a gait pattern of a firstuser operating a first visual tracking system in a first physicalenvironment; identifying a trajectory from a second visual trackingsystem operated by a second user in a second physical environment, thetrajectory based on poses of the second visual tracking system overtime; modifying the trajectory from the second visual tracking systembased on the gait pattern of the first user; applying the modifiedtrajectory in a plurality of virtual environments; and generatingsimulated ground truth data based on the modified trajectory in theplurality of virtual environments.

Example 2 includes example 1, further comprising: retraining a computervision algorithm with the simulated ground truth data, the retrainedcomputer vision algorithm configured for a motion pattern of the firstuser.

Example 3 includes example 2, further comprising: providing theretrained computer vision algorithm to the first visual tracking system,wherein the first visual tracking system is re-configured for the motionpattern of the first user based on the retrained computer visionalgorithm.

Example 4 includes example 1, further comprising: retraining a computervision algorithm with the simulated ground truth data, the retrainedcomputer vision algorithm configured for one of the plurality of virtualenvironments.

Example 5 includes example 4, further comprising: providing theretrained computer vision algorithm to the first visual tracking system,wherein the first visual tracking system is located in a third physicalenvironment, the third physical environment corresponding to the one ofthe plurality of virtual environments.

Example 6 includes example 1, wherein the ground truth data comprises acombination of color images, depth images, surface normals, and cameraposes.

Example 7 includes example 1, further comprising: accessing sensor datafrom the first visual tracking system of the first user in the firstphysical environment; and determining the gait pattern of the first userbased on the sensor data of the first user in the first environment.

Example 8 includes example 7, wherein the sensor data comprises 6DOFposes of the first visual tracking system over time in the firstphysical environment.

Example 9 includes example 1, further comprising: accessing sensor datafrom the second visual tracking system of the second user in the secondphysical environment; and determining the trajectory based on the sensordata from the second visual tracking system.

Example 10 includes example 1, further comprising: accessing sensor datafrom a first visual tracking system of a first user in a firstenvironment; accessing pose data from a second visual tracking system ofa second user in a second environment; determining a gait pattern of thefirst user based on the pose data of the first user in the firstenvironment; modify a trajectory of the second virtual tracking systemto adapt to the gait pattern of the first user; apply the modifiedtrajectory in a plurality of virtual environments; accessing pose datafrom a second visual tracking system of a second user in a secondenvironment; and generating a simulation of the first user trajectory inthe second environment based on the first gait pattern of the first userin the first environment and the pose data of the second user in thesecond environment.

Example 11 is a computing apparatus comprising: a processor; and amemory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor,configure the apparatus to: identify a gait pattern of a first useroperating a first visual tracking system in a first physicalenvironment; identify a trajectory from a second visual tracking systemoperated by a second user in a second physical environment, thetrajectory based on poses of the second visual tracking system overtime; modify the trajectory from the second visual tracking system basedon the gait pattern of the first user; apply the modified trajectory ina plurality of virtual environments; and generate simulated ground truthdata based on the modified trajectory in the plurality of virtualenvironments.

Example 12 includes the computing apparatus of example 11, wherein theinstructions further configure the apparatus to: retrain a computervision algorithm with the simulated ground truth data, the retrainedcomputer vision algorithm configured for a motion pattern of the firstuser.

Example 13 includes the computing apparatus of example 12, wherein theinstructions further configure the apparatus to: provide the retrainedcomputer vision algorithm to the first visual tracking system, whereinthe first visual tracking system is re-configured for the motion patternof the first user based on the retrained computer vision algorithm.

Example 14 includes the computing apparatus of example 11, wherein theinstructions further configure the apparatus to: retrain a computervision algorithm with the simulated ground truth data, the retrainedcomputer vision algorithm configured for one of the plurality of virtualenvironments.

Example 15 includes the computing apparatus of example 14, wherein theinstructions further configure the apparatus to: provide the retrainedcomputer vision algorithm to the first visual tracking system, whereinthe first visual tracking system is located in a third physicalenvironment, the third physical environment corresponding to the one ofthe plurality of virtual environments.

Example 16 includes the computing apparatus of example 11, wherein theground truth data comprises a combination of color images, depth images,surface normals, and camera poses.

Example 17 includes the computing apparatus of example 11, wherein theinstructions further configure the apparatus to: access sensor data fromthe first visual tracking system of the first user in the first physicalenvironment; and determine the gait pattern of the first user based onthe sensor data of the first user in the first environment.

Example 18 includes the computing apparatus of example 17, wherein thesensor data comprises 6DOF poses of the first visual tracking systemover time in the first physical environment.

Example 19 includes the computing apparatus of example 11, wherein theinstructions further configure the apparatus to: access sensor data fromthe second visual tracking system of the second user in the secondphysical environment; and determine the trajectory based on the sensordata from the second visual tracking system.

Example 20 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, thecomputer-readable storage medium including instructions that whenexecuted by a computer, cause the computer to: identify a gait patternof a first user operating a first visual tracking system in a firstphysical environment; identify a trajectory from a second visualtracking system operated by a second user in a second physicalenvironment, the trajectory based on poses of the second visual trackingsystem over time; modify the trajectory from the second visual trackingsystem based on the gait pattern of the first user; apply the modifiedtrajectory in a plurality of virtual environments; and generatesimulated ground truth data based on the modified trajectory in theplurality of virtual environments.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: identifying a gait patternof a first user operating a first visual tracking system in a firstphysical environment; identifying a trajectory from a second visualtracking system operated by a second user in a second physicalenvironment, the trajectory based on poses of the second visual trackingsystem over time; modifying the trajectory from the second visualtracking system based on the gait pattern of the first user; applyingthe modified trajectory in a plurality of virtual environments; andgenerating simulated ground truth data based on the modified trajectoryin the plurality of virtual environments.
 2. The method of claim 1,further comprising: retraining a computer vision algorithm with thesimulated ground truth data, the retrained computer vision algorithmconfigured for a motion pattern of the first user.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, further comprising: providing the retrained computer visionalgorithm to the first visual tracking system, wherein the first visualtracking system is re-configured for the motion pattern of the firstuser based on the retrained computer vision algorithm.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: retraining a computer vision algorithm withthe simulated ground truth data, the retrained computer vision algorithmconfigured for one of the plurality of virtual environments.
 5. Themethod of claim 4, further comprising: providing the retrained computervision algorithm to the first visual tracking system, wherein the firstvisual tracking system is located in a third physical environment, thethird physical environment corresponding to the one of the plurality ofvirtual environments.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ground truthdata comprises a combination of color images, depth images, surfacenormals, and camera poses.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:accessing sensor data from the first visual tracking system of the firstuser in the first physical environment; and determining the gait patternof the first user based on the sensor data of the first user in thefirst environment.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the sensor datacomprises 6DOF poses of the first visual tracking system over time inthe first physical environment.
 9. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: accessing sensor data from the second visual tracking systemof the second user in the second physical environment; and determiningthe trajectory based on the sensor data from the second visual trackingsystem.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: accessing sensordata from a first visual tracking system of a first user in a firstenvironment; accessing pose data from a second visual tracking system ofa second user in a second environment; determining a gait pattern of thefirst user based on the pose data of the first user in the firstenvironment; modify a trajectory of the second virtual tracking systemto adapt to the gait pattern of the first user; apply the modifiedtrajectory in a plurality of virtual environments; accessing pose datafrom a second visual tracking system of a second user in a secondenvironment; and generating a simulation of the first user trajectory inthe second environment based on the first gait pattern of the first userin the first environment and the pose data of the second user in thesecond environment.
 11. A computing apparatus comprising: a processor;and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor,configure the apparatus to: identify a gait pattern of a first useroperating a first visual tracking system in a first physicalenvironment; identify a trajectory from a second visual tracking systemoperated by a second user in a second physical environment, thetrajectory based on poses of the second visual tracking system overtime; modify the trajectory from the second visual tracking system basedon the gait pattern of the first user; apply the modified trajectory ina plurality of virtual environments; and generate simulated ground truthdata based on the modified trajectory in the plurality of virtualenvironments.
 12. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein theinstructions further configure the apparatus to: retrain a computervision algorithm with the simulated ground truth data, the retrainedcomputer vision algorithm configured for a motion pattern of the firstuser.
 13. The computing apparatus of claim 12, wherein the instructionsfurther configure the apparatus to: provide the retrained computervision algorithm to the first visual tracking system, wherein the firstvisual tracking system is re-configured for the motion pattern of thefirst user based on the retrained computer vision algorithm.
 14. Thecomputing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions furtherconfigure the apparatus to: retrain a computer vision algorithm with thesimulated ground truth data, the retrained computer vision algorithmconfigured for one of the plurality of virtual environments.
 15. Thecomputing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the instructions furtherconfigure the apparatus to: provide the retrained computer visionalgorithm to the first visual tracking system, wherein the first visualtracking system is located in a third physical environment, the thirdphysical environment corresponding to the one of the plurality ofvirtual environments.
 16. The computing apparatus of claim 11, whereinthe ground truth data comprises a combination of color images, depthimages, surface normals, and camera poses.
 17. The computing apparatusof claim 11, wherein the instructions further configure the apparatusto: access sensor data from the first visual tracking system of thefirst user in the first physical environment; and determine the gaitpattern of the first user based on the sensor data of the first user inthe first environment.
 18. The computing apparatus of claim 17, whereinthe sensor data comprises 6DOF poses of the first visual tracking systemover time in the first physical environment.
 19. The computing apparatusof claim 11, wherein the instructions further configure the apparatusto: access sensor data from the second visual tracking system of thesecond user in the second physical environment; and determine thetrajectory based on the sensor data from the second visual trackingsystem.
 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, thecomputer-readable storage medium including instructions that whenexecuted by a computer, cause the computer to: identify a gait patternof a first user operating a first visual tracking system in a firstphysical environment; identify a trajectory from a second visualtracking system operated by a second user in a second physicalenvironment, the trajectory based on poses of the second visual trackingsystem over time; modify the trajectory from the second visual trackingsystem based on the gait pattern of the first user; apply the modifiedtrajectory in a plurality of virtual environments; and generatesimulated ground truth data based on the modified trajectory in theplurality of virtual environments.